rhetorical analysis draft 1.1 - 1095 Words

Celeste Luna Amie Sheffer English 1301-54123 September 19, 2013 Draft 1.1 Rhetorical Analysis Individualism is a habit of being self- reliant. A cultural value is a persons desired and preferred way of acting. Every culture has their own cultural values and individualism but whether individualism is their cultural value is up to the person entirely. This could pose a conflict when persuading the wrong culture especially a culture as diverse as the American culture. Poranee Sponsel is a born and raised Thai who is now a professor at a university in Hawaii and gives us the outsider’s perspective of the American culture. In Sponsel’s article â€Å"The Young, the Rich, and the Famous: Individualism as an American Cultural value† Sponsel†¦show more content†¦Americans would not want to be known for this type of individualism so there would not be any persuasion here neither. In both accounts Sponsel finishes her proposal with the fact that Thai culture is better, this is known as bias remarks. Sponsel’s states th at â€Å"[f]rom the viewpoint of Thai, it seems that American family ties and closeness are not as strong as in Asian families† (82) â€Å"Many Thai students, as well as other Asians, have felt that they could not find genuine friendship with Americans† (83) and â€Å"most American parents seem to ‘lose’ their children by the teenage years. They don’t seem to belong to each other as closely as Thai families.† (82) Sponsel implies that Thai culture is closer than the American culture which infers that her Thai culture is better. Sponsel uses bias remarks based on her own experience, this is not good persuasion if targeting Americans because Americans would not worry more whether individualism is a cultural value but rather why Sponsel is comparing them to negative examples. Sponsel is not persuading her crowd but rather informing them about the bad Americans she has encountered, this turns her article into an informative instead of a persuas ive. Sponsel is unsuccessful in persuading her American crowd because she constantly attacks their culture with bad examples of Americans who only care for themselves. America is aShow MoreRelatedStudy Guide1489 Words   |  6 PagesDrafting and revising Purpose of the introduction, body, and conclusion Presenting written ideas visually and orally 2. Rhetorical Strategies A. Foundations of critical thinking B. C. Critical reading Summarization D. Writing for multiple purposes E. F. Voice, tone, and register Descriptive writing G. Genres H. Cause and effect I. J. Point of view Process analysis—visuals 3. Introduction to Research A. Various citation formats—APA B. C. Plagiarism and ways to avoid it Evaluating sources Read MoreVsdgvfyhb2024 Words   |  9 Pagesabout. So I happily watched the documentary and quickly whipped out a first draft (rough rough draft) without even really having to think about it- the words just poured out. However, when writing my real rough draft, I tried to focus a bit more on the rhetorical appeals. My revision process on Inquiry Two was much more rigorous than my typical revision process. At my meeting with Bridget for my conference on my rough draft of Inquiry 2, she had me read my paper aloud. Reading it out loud made meRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 PagesP A R T 1. A N A L Y Z I N G F I C T I O N MODULE 1 1.1. The fictional world of a literary work Literature is writing that can be read in many ways. We can read it as a form of history, biography, or autobiography. We can read it as an example of linguistic structures or rhetorical conventions manipulated for special effect. We can view it as a material product of the culture that produced it. We can see it as an expression of beliefs and values of a particular class. We can also see a work of literatureRead MoreAustralia Should Not Agree For The Proposal Announced On The Paris Global Conference1854 Words   |  8 PagesStandardization: Conclusion : Australia should not agree to the proposal announced in the Paris Global Conference. 1. The global agreement was not made previously as the need was not realized. 1.1 In the last few years that scientist has begun to measure the link between temperature and carbon level. 1.2 Over the past few years, there has been a sharp decrease in the percentage of American, who believes that global warming is a serious problem. 2. Despite the rising community skepticism about globalRead MoreNarrative Text10129 Words   |  41 PagesPROPOSAL Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Of Sarjana Pendidikan in English By †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS SURABAYA STATES UNIVERSITY 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic 1.3 Statements of the Problem The Objectives of the Study The Significant of The Study 1.6 Outline of the Study II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 General Concept of Film 2.1.1 The ElementsRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of Humes Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion4493 Words   |  18 PagesAn Analysis of Humes Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion ABSTRACT: Humes Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779) may be read in the way Cleanthes (and Philo as well) reads Nature, as analogous to human artifice and contrivance. The Dialogues and Nature then are both texts, with an intelligent author or Author, and analogies may be started from these five facts of Humes text: the independence of Humes characters; the non-straightforwardness of the characters discourse; the way theRead MoreTeaching Writing Informal Letters8861 Words   |  36 PagesContents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Chapter I. General notion of writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 1.1.Writing skills†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 1.2. The importance of effective writing skills†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 1.3. Informal writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 1.4. Letter writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...9 1.5. Different types of letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Chapter II.Teaching writing informal letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13Read MoreNationalism and Transnationalism in the Context of the European Union28567 Words   |  115 Pages The Cure at Troy Seamus Heaney, 1996 Table of Contents: Introduction 3 Structure and Methods 6 1. Nationalism: Definitions, Concepts and Theories 8 1.1. Defining Nation 9 1.2. Concepts and Theories of Nationalism 13 2. The New Europe: Nationalism reframed? 22 2.1. History and Ideology 23 2.2. The Emerge of the European Union 32 3. European Nationalism: Transnational Integration 36 3Read MoreEffective Performance Management With The Balanced Scorecard Technical Report19419 Words   |  78 Pagesprior permission of the publishers. Translation requests should be submitted to CIMA. Effective Performance Management 1 Contents 1. Development of scorecard thinking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 From performance measurement to strategic management . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Strategy mapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 An introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory focuses attention on the human issues in organization ‘There is nothing so practical as a good theory’ How Roethlisberger developed a ‘practical’ organization theory Column 1: The core contributing social sciences Column 2: The techniques for analysis Column 3: The neo-modernist perspective Column 4: Contributions to business and management Four combinations of science, scientific technique and the neo-modernist approach reach different parts of the organization Level 1: Developing the organization

The Trusty Model Of Dependent Personality Disorder

Abstract Many theorists for decades have presented theoretical approaches in an effort to comprehend personality. Hence, to this date, no theorist has been able to find all the answers in their theory to understand an individual personality. The purpose of this paper is to present -the Trusty model of dependent personality disorder. Major topics relevant to the disorder will be explored including the human image (determination vs. free will, nature vs. nurture and the past vs. the present) as well as the dysfunctional personality style. As you read this paper, I hope you will be more enlightened from the information presented and also gain a better understanding of dependent personality disorder. Keywords: dependent, theory, personality, Trusty, model Personality Theory: The Trusty Model To be honest people need each other. We exist as social creatures. However, it is almost a tough situation to co-exist with individual who suffer from dependent personality disorder as a result of their clingy behavior. The Trusty model for dependent personality disorder is described below. Components of the Trusty Model of Dependent Personality Disorder Image of Human Nature Nature versus nurture. The origin of personality is character-biological nature with a heredity support. Individuals with dependent personality generally display orientation towards being vigilant and at the same time apprehensive as far back as their childhood age (Bornstein, 1992). However, growing up

How Are Mobile Phones Changing the Way People Maintain Relationships Free Essays

CULTURAL AWARENESS How are mobile phones changing the way people maintain relationships? INTRODUCTION Mobile phones are increasingly taking a major role in the communication revolution and the use of the mobile phone is an immensely significant social and cultural phenomenon, hence over the years, the telephone has dramatically changed how people live their lives, see their world and communicate. As we read in Ferraro ( 2002: 29 ) â€Å"all cultures experience continual change†, however nowadays the process of a change is even more intensified, more dynamic and much quicker. A lot of that has to do with the development of mobile telephone technology. We will write a custom essay sample on How Are Mobile Phones Changing the Way People Maintain Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now In referring to the drivers of change, we cannot forget about phenomenon of globalization which affects our modern lifestyle. In today’s world we live in a fast-pace, where maintaining relationships is made difficult by the fact we have less time for social bonding, and communication is often very limited. Here comes into importance the technology of the mobile phone, as it gives the opportunity to talk to anyone, anywhere at any time. Since mobile phones have become an increasingly important tool in social interaction, the purpose of this research project is to gain insight into the mobile technology phenomenon and to understand better how it affects the way people maintain relationships by linking it to the theoretical background of social construction and selective perception. The report consists of four major sections. Firstly, theoretical background will be presented, followed up by the explanation of methodology used. Then the findings of the primary research will be presented, followed up by an overall analysis of information gathered. Finally, a conclusion will be given. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Before investigating the influence that mobile phones have had on the way the relationships are maintained, it is crucial to understand the connection between communication and culture. According to Hall (1977) â€Å"Culture is communication and communication is culture†, from which we can deduce that the way we communicate expresses our culture. Therefore, any shift in the way we communicate has an influence on our culture, our perception , our behavior and the social construction. Let us take a look at the social construction. Why does this concept need to be mentioned? The answers is that we, as members of the society, are assembling ways of seeing things, while at the same time shaping our expectations and behavior. As culture is maintained by social construction, we learn culture every day. We learned to use mobile phones on a daily basis, letting them become inseparable part of our daily routine. Here another concept comes into importance, namely perception. Culture, and at the same time communication, performs an important role in how we perceive and understand reality. According to Gamble and Gamble (1996), (in Samovar et al, 2007: 128-130), we select, interpret and organize data in order to make sense of our world. And being exposed to similar experiences, culture creates similar meaning and behavior, which is called selective perception. It is truly incredible how fast mobile phones have caused a change in social construction and the way people perceive communication and social bonding. Sections below intend to explain how exactly mobile phones are changing the way people maintain relationships. METHODOLOGY In order to find out how the mobile technology is influencing the way the relationships are maintained in Britain , several methods were used to study the behavior of mobile phone users. Firstly, during a period of 4 weeks, in a variety of settings, using an observation, I observed the behavior of mobile phone users, by listening to their conversations and observing their approach to phone conversations, texting and using their mobile for various purposes. This was followed up by 2 individual and 2 focus group discussions. I found the in-depth interviews and focus group discussions most appropriate for my research, as they gave a lot of qualitative information and let the people who were being interviewed express themselves and their opinions fully, which would not be the case if I decided to use questionnaires . FINDINGS As indicated before, for the research methods I have used an observation, two in-depth interviews and also two focus group discussions. During the period of observation I have noticed many different behaviors regarding mobile phone usage, however for the purpose of this report, only the ones which apply to the topic have been listed below: * On the bus: 10 out of 25 people were using their phone in some way * On the bus: 7 out of 25 people received or made a phone call within 45 min time frame * At the university: at least 1/3 of people gathered in a mutual area were talking or texting on their mobiles * In the cafe: All individuals sitting alone had a mobile phone either on the table or in usage It can be argued that mobile phones are increasingly used by people, for they are new communication tools. Since mobile communication is an uprising issue, the above observations conducted me to bring forth questions for further investigation on how mobile phones are influencing the way people maintain relationships. The sample for the qualitative research method included 10 people [male and female] (for both interviews and focus group discussions). The answers were mostly collected from the age group 20-30 years old. All participants were believed to be in a peaceful state, important in concluding the honesty and quality of the answers given as they were unaffected by an unnatural sate of nervousness. To better understand how relationships are maintained in today’s society and to get a better view of the issue discussed, first the respondents were asked to describe how they communicate with their family and friends. Their instant response was via phone calls, text messages, facebook, skype, and instant messengers like WhatsApp . Only one person said that they maintain face to face contact with family. Since the respondents indicated mobile phones as means through which they often communicate with their contacts, this initiated a series of questions. Asked how the phones changed/are changing the way people maintain relationships, the respondents said that nowadays people maintain more contact, call more, send messages, and claim that it has made the communication very easy. However on the other hand the contact is possibly superficial as you may keep in touch with people you do not care for as much. A female respondent argued that â€Å"It has made people lazy in certain aspects, because all you have to do is pick up a phone and call someone instead of making an effort and meet that person. So it has made us lazy, but on the other hand it’s very efficient, especially if you have something to do, when you are in a rush. As for the time when people tend to call their contacts, many respondents indicated afternoon or evening, saying that they make phone calls or send texts when travelling (primarily walking or when on a bus), because that is when they have some free time between other activities. As one female respondent said â€Å" it’s all about time†. The majority of respondents argued that speaking on the phone influences the way we speak to one another and they also admitted they do it themselves. Primarily because when on the ph one one can get interrupted easily, especially when multi-tasking. Also they argued that you usually make everything briefer on the phone, because when you talk you can be distracted by many things that are happening around you. In the case of new relationships, people tend to be more comfortable and open over the phone, especially considering text messages. Two female respondents said that it is easier to speak to another person differently if you do not really know her/him and also said that phones give means to hide certain things that you do not wish to reveal â€Å"because the other person cannot see my face so they do not know what I am feeling†. The change in non-verbal communication must also be mentioned here, as the majority of respondents admitted that they use their phone as an excuse to avoid speaking to someone. The statement of the male respondent confirmed that : â€Å"I have pretended I was on the phone when I did not want to talk to someone, you just want to pretend that you are doing something, it shuts you off, because it is not very socially acceptable to interrupt somebody who is having a conversation†. Furthermore, some respondents claimed they used their phone as a form of security and protection. One male respondent said : â€Å" My friend is always on the phone when she feels nervous†. A female respondent said that she feels safer knowing she can always call somebody to get help, or when in the bar waiting for some friends, she claimed she takes phone out to make people think she is busy, using phone as a bodyguard. Respondents were also asked to indicate positive and negative aspects of mobile phone usage in terms of aintaining relationships. As a positive they pointed out the fact that communication has become very efficient, easy, cheap, and also allows one to keep in touch more readily with family and friends, to arrange meetings and to develop new relationships. On the other hand respondents indicated that it has been made too easy, â€Å"because we do not even have to go out anymore to meet our friends†. They said the contact is not as real and might be takin g away some value of a real friendship. As a male respondent said â€Å"You may have a long conversation over the phone with someone, then you meet up in real life and it is like you do not really know each other, you can find awkwardness sometimes. † Ultimately, the respondents mutually agreed on the statement that mobile phones help maintain relationships. As a female respondent said â€Å"it’s a constant reminder that you are thinking of someone and they are thinking of you, and that you want to stay in their lives, and that is maintaining relationships†. At the end the respondents were asked to express their view on how the social interaction looked like before the mobile phones became so popular. They said that people were sending more letters and cards, than nowadays. Also people used to interact with each other more, however they would meet with less people, only close family and friends that lived nearby. Now, as they confirmed, it is possible to keep in touch with friends that are on the other side of the world, because you are constantly available on the mobile. ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS The importance of this research is that it explains behavior noticed during the observation and analyses the information gathered during the individual interviews and the focus group discussions . After investigating the subject area, I have found that mobile phones are influencing change of some of the underlying cultural values in Britain, for instance, bonds within close social circles, the meaning of time and communication patterns, which then influences the way people see their reality and perceive certain things and behaviors. As culture is maintained by social construction, we learn culture every day. We learned to use mobile phones on a daily basis, letting them become inseparable part of our daily routine, which created patterns and made them become something which we perceive as normal. Nowadays, we claim mobiles necessary to socialize, they became a tool for developing new contacts, maintaining a friendship network and arranging meetings. In the last 10-15 years we have been exposed to similar experiences of communication. Mobile phone communication has become as natural as going to the shop and buying bread each morning. Our behavior has been shaped by the regular use of mobile phone, so that many people nowadays cannot imagine to spend a day without it, they even claim they would feel lost without it (Fox, 2001). As we read in â€Å"Towards a sociology of the mobile phone†( McGuigan, 2005), we perceive the mobile phone as an extension to the body, sometimes even feel naked without it. We tend to keep our phones nearby, in our pocket, in our hand, making us always contactable and available, for someone from our social network. We feel like there is always something to be said and when we get the message we tend to write or call back as soon as possible We did not even noticed that we are increasingly dependent on the mobile phone technology in terms of social interaction. Mobile phones, as proven by this research project and many others, have gained protection and security status. We increasingly depend on our phones in situations of distress, they give us reassurance and sensation of being secure, for instance walking late at night. Why do we feel secure? Well, we can always call somebody, let them know where we are, gain a feeling of unreliable reassurance, as the person you have contacted may be miles away, not really being able to help us in certain situation. On the other hand, phones are used for protection in the situation when we want to avoid contact with someone, for instance in a bar or in a coffee shop. When one does not wish to be approached, it is enough to put a phone on the table and look it up from time to time. With the British â€Å"obsession† about privacy, it would be simply considered rude and socially unacceptable to interrupt someone who is busy. That lead me to consider one of the Hall’s dimensions (Hall, 1976). It may be that communication in Britain is becoming more high-context oriented. Mobiles can not only be used as mean of protection, but perhaps also as a barrier. When we do not want to talk to someone we know on the bus, it is enough to pretend we are busy with our mobile. We may acknowledge the other person’s presence but we would immediately go back to looking at the phone. The message is clear to both sides – â€Å"I do not really want to talk right now†. Also , another example of high context approach is: when a person is not responding to our messages or phone calls, it may mean that he or she does not wish to speak to us, on the other hand, subtle signal, known as â€Å"giving the buzz†often means â€Å"I am thinking of you†. As we can see there are many examples of high-context communication within mobile phone influence on the way people maintain relationships, however it does not necessarily mean all communication in Britain is becoming high-context. Another change in terms of social construction is that via technology we are now able to keep in touch with more people than before, it is deemed normal to have a large net of social connections. Why is that? Perhaps, the distance seems shorter, because another person is just a phone call away. Before, we used to have more face-to- face interactions, but they were restricted to the close circle of friends and family that lived in the same geographic area. Therefore we maintain more contact, but it is possible it has become much more superficial. Considering the lack of openness in social interaction, mobile phones seem to facilitate interpersonal contacts and act like an ice-breaker. It is easy to send a message and it is nice to receive one in return, but the issue to consider is whether we can really count on that person. Mobile phones therefore might be depriving values of real friendship and in fact people may feel very alone, even though they have 300 contacts in their mobile device. There has been a behavioral shift in terms of social construction, for as a society, we have become more lazy and comfortable. As the other person is reachable on their mobile at all times, we have adapted the pattern of calling and not necessarily meeting with friends and family, which can sometimes be dangerous, because it deprives us of developing social skills. It has also been proven that we speak to each other differently on the phone than when talking face to face. Considering there is no visible contact, we cannot see expressions on our interlocutor’s face and his/her body language. People may be making faces and rolling their eyes and we would not know! Also if we do not want to say something, we can easily avoid doing that, because since there are no facial expressions, the interlocutor would not notice the difference. And nowadays, especially with text messages, you can almost pretend to be someone you are not! Speaking on the phone or texting gives some people the confidence they do not have in face-to-face interactions, especially in the reserved British culture. How did the use of the mobile change the way we perceive communication? We communicate when we have free time, as the respondents said, we are using â€Å"time in between†, when we are walking, when on the bus. Is it not all about time nowadays? As time is limited, which suggest monochromic orientation (Hall, 1983:42), and with the lack of time we have these days , we use every free moment we have to get in touch with people. But since these conversations are being conducted when we are on the go, it may deprive of the focus and dedication we would give this other person if we were talking to him/her face-to-face. Also, in terms of contact, we have a chance to keep in touch more often, but it is more about exchanging information than having real in-depth conversation with another person. People tend to divide time into little blocks in order to use it as efficiently as possible, tending to multi-task and combine many activities at a time. For instance, talking on the phone, checking emails, responding to messages, on the way to/from work, school, walking, sipping coffee – which again suggests a slight shift towards polychronic orientation. Time is considered limited, however nowadays we are trying to make the most of it, some would wish to even â€Å"save it† via multi-tasking. To conclude this section, we communicate more easily, more efficiently and more cheaply, but also we have created some needs and new obligations. Specialists claim that we are becoming addicted to technology, but the answer may be different. We are not as much addicted to technology, as to communicating with people. We are addicted to interacting with our social circle, and mobile phones facilitate the process of communication. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there is no doubt that the spread of mobile communication is affecting our lives and the way we maintain relationships. Since technologically advanced information systems tend to encourage and facilitate communication and at the same time cultural interaction, it is understandable that they play an important part in influencing the way the communication is conducted and change the way people are perceiving certain situations, at the same time creating new ways of seeing reality and different behavior patterns. In the modern world we live in, the patterns of communication in Britain are rapidly changing. Mobile phones are increasingly used to help us establish, develop and maintain relationships. We see it as means to help us to bond and interact with our colleagues, friends and family. We perceive this new technology as a new approach to build social networks, and as a tool that makes our busy life easier. Word count: 3220 REFERENCES * FERRARO, G. P. (2002). The cultural dimension of international business 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, pp. 29 * FOX, K. (2001) Evolution, alienation and gossip: the role of mobile telecommunications in the 21st century. Social Issues Research Centre. Available from http://www. sirc. org/publik/gossip. shtml [Accessed on 15/11/2011 ] * GAMBLE, T. K. , GAMBLE,M. (1996). Communication works 5th ed. New York:McGraw-Hill, pp. 77 * HALL, E. T. (1977) Beyond culture. Garden City, NY: Anchor Doubleday, pp. 14 * HALL, E. T. (1983) The Dance of Life: Other Dimensions of Time. New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, pp. 42 * McGUIGAN, J. (2005) Towards a sociology of the mobile phone. An Interdisciplinary Journal on Humans in ICT Environments. Vol. 1 , pp. 45-57. Available from : www. humantechnology. jyu. fi [Accessed on 17/11/2011] * SAMOVAR, L. A. , et al (2007). Communication between cultures 6th ed. Belmont, Calif: Thomson/Wadsworth, pp. 128-130 How to cite How Are Mobile Phones Changing the Way People Maintain Relationships, Essays

Environmental Impact in Australia Issues and Techniques

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Impact in Australia for Issues and Techniques. Answer: Introduction Biodiversity in Australia is both unique and rich. Around 10% of total species on earth exists and occurs in Australia. Though these resources has been managed historically but their substantial loses could not be overlooked. The loss of native vegetation is approximately 1 million ha. Species extinctions are on high rate in the freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. So many other factors have brought out the necessity to consider the reasons of this degradation. And what all could be done to protect all this. Hence, this paper will identify the major issue and determine potential ideas to overcome these issues. Major Environmental Issues and Techniques to solve them Disobeying the rules made by the nature associated with biophysical subsystem of the Earth might be injurious or even calamitous attributable to the danger of overpass verges and may trigger unexpected changes in the environment. Majority of issues related to environment arises due to the modification in human-induced habitation, water disposal and use of resources. Such as, diversion of water flows for human use results in reduced freshwater flow, impacts on biodiversity as a result of indirect activities like (use of pesticide, habitat clearing) and direct activities( fishing and hunting) and water and air pollution (Hobday and McDonald, 2014). Though Australia is at the forefront in managing environmental changes, still faces many challenges related to it. There are four recent controversies in the environment of Australia which focuses on legislative and policy settings for promoting and resolving the conflict. The four examples of issues are climate policy, mining and CSG extraction, fisheries conflicts mining and fresh-water resource management. These issues represent diverse contemporary environmental encounters range (Hobday and McDonald, 2014). Addressing National Mitigation Efforts through Climate Change and Policy Instruments Politics in climate change policies is highly diverged and in past decades policies has undergone major setbacks. During the times of Howard government (year 1996-2007) Climate policy was considered by preferring reluctance to commit Australia and voluntary emissions reductions measures to productions diminutions goals. Climate change mitigation is a global problem which needs joint resolutions. In September 2013, federal government introduced another setback in climate policy of Australia. According to older one carbon tax repealing was a key factor in governments success, as soon the new government stepped in, they abolishes Climate Commission, now according to new rule it has been replaced with a multibillion dollar fund to provide incentives to reduce emissions (Hobday and McDonald, 2014). Coal Seam Gas Development and Rapid Growth in Mining In Australia the land owner does not have rights over the minerals beneath their land and government have rights to use it but with the consent of owner. Few of them opposes this use as it lowers down the quantity and quality of resources required for stock watering and irrigation. The main issues impacting environment are fragmentation and habitat disturbance; building pipelines and lines in place of national parks, disposal of the salt by-product from CSG extraction, disposal of wastewater and treatment and ecological impacts of groundwater extraction and potential contamination. The extraction of CSG and Coal too impact environment significantly, primarily at Queensland Coast. Federal government has committed to delegate decision making authority to states, regarding extension of CSG mining and coal mining. Results will be known a little soon (Hobday and McDonald, 2014). Conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ict in Marine Fisheries Australians consumes sea food more than average global per capita per person which is 17kg while the average sea food consumed in Australia per person is 26kg which is a matter of concern, though it is amongst top countries in fisheries management and ecological status. Fishing capacity has been reduced and stocks overexploitation of Australian waters has been declined due to strict quota management, and implementation of many harvesting strategies helps the stocks in rebuilding therefore fisheries in Australia are relatively uncontroversial (Hobday and McDonald, 2014). Conversely, other species could be affected by fishing abundance which includes by catch species which has been discarded such as dolphins, seabirds, turtles and seals non target species which has been retailed for sale. Fishing gear contact also results in habitats impact. Hence, the main concern has been given to reducing by-catch species, mainly marine mammals, turtles and sea birds and to reduce damage to habitat. Nation is even standing at the forefront of closing fisheries in case by-catch species limits exceeds, hence trying to minimise impacts on habitats and protected species (Hobday and McDonald, 2014). Storage in a Dry Landscape and Freshwater Allocation Best use of Freshwater has always been a matter of concern for the nation and hydroelectricity generation and irrigation dominated these concerns. Considering water issues for future generation of Australia, in spite facing drought in 2010, Southwest and South Australia is under danger for water scarcity in future as the climate change portends. Hence, the reactions to the period drought justifies closer look which includes reforming laws related to freshwater for both state and national level, so that urban water supplies could be safeguarded (Hobday and McDonald, 2014). Environment Management to tackle issues A number of administration and policy innovations would help Australia in tacking the above future issues. Enforcement and wider application of changes is needed to dramatically improve status and health of Australias environmental assets. Climate change mitigation needs programmatic, strategic and comprehensive review of conservation regimes and resource management to evaluate adaptability and effectiveness in case the climate changes. Enhanced integration of traditional zone and emergency control, for example, conservation and land use planning could prove important in climate-adaptive regimes (Hobday and McDonald, 2014). As per Coal Seam Gas Development and Rapid Growth in Mining is concerned, the minister in Environment Department should consult IESC (Independent Expert Scientià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ c Committee) before taking any decision on a CSG proposal related to Large Coal Mining and Coal Seam Gas development. Along with this, other MNESs also need to be considered which could be affected by the development in Acts. To tackle the conflicts in marine fisheries, Strategic ecological steps has been taken considering all fisheries under the act EPBC, in order to offer additional analysis of the environment impacts of a given à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ shery in Australia. For applying this effect evaluation of independent stock is desired in order to set catch levels according to prescribed rules, accompanied by comparing environmental sustainable development context against à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ sherys administration plans that deliberates impressions on habitats and non-target species. To manage the water flow new reforms has been agreed to introduce planning arrangements of water at both national and state level which can ensure minimised ecological flows for the river systems and address over allocation. These reforms had made amendments to mechanisms related to water entitlements so in order to maintain resources. The rights to property has been separated from water rights which enables them to be allocated and traded with best value possible and hence enhance the chances for land owners to make future decisions about their land use (Hobday and McDonald, 2014). Energy: An important issue or not? Energy is what enables us to do the work. It exists in various different forms such as electrical, mechanical, chemical and radiant energy/ According to law of thermodynamics it can neither be created not be destroyed but can be changed from one from to another. Energy is considered as an important issue in relation to environment complete climate change and mitigation efforts as they are dependent on it. Hence it is important to consider renewable energy and energy efficiency. One of the major issues in generating renewable energy though a wind farm is they are acting dangerous for bird populations. Although it is good in reducing greenhouse gas emissions but linked environmental cost due to bird strikes cannot be ignored. Innovative quantitative and qualitative tools accounting broader range of economic, social and environmental objectives could assist judgment makers in resolving such trade-offs. EIA steps while seeking Project Approval This process has been divided into two groups. The first process is referral i.e. whether the process should be send or not for approval and the second is decision whether to approve the project or to reject it. Referral Process Step 1: To check whether the planned project will impact matter of national environment significantly such as national heritage places, migratory species, nuclear actions etc. and to confirm that planned action will significantly impact the general environment in a good way. If the answers to the above question are NO then one should abort the project and if yes then one can refer the proposed project to the minister. Step 2: Minister takes 20 working days to decide on the approval under EPBC act. In case minister does not find it feasible person is informed about the same. In case minister finds it feasible he can reply with three possibilities which are controlled action, Not controlled action particular manner and not controlled action respectively. In In first case proposed plan needs to be submitted for approval while in other two approvals is not required in case the action has been taken in accord with manner specified or referral. Decision Process Step 1: To check if the project could be assessed using a process accredited under territory or state governments bilateral agreement or under a process accredited under Australian governments ministerial declarations. If the answer to the above question is yes proposed plan is to be assessed by any of these mentioned above and then state govt. prepares report on the same. In case the answer to the above mentioned question is No. In that case there are five possibilities which are accredited assessment (case by case), Assessment on referral information, Assessment on preliminary documentation, Assessment by EIS/PER and Assessment by public inquiry respectively. In first case, case by case, the actions are same as in case of the answer to the questions in step 1 was yes. In second case: An approval report has to be prepared by the by the department Then, It has to be publishes for public comments for 10 working days Finally, it is provided to minister for approval and will be judged within 30 working days. In third case: Minister could decide on two actions: publish information for public directly or can request more information from person who proposed the project. After publishing information proponent waits for the public comments and after 10 days presents revised report to minister. In case no comments were received from public information is re-published. Reviewing comments department prepares a report on the same and sent to minister. In fourth Case: Some tailored or standard guidelines are provided to proponent by the minister regarding drafting PER or EIS. Proponent then prepares it and ministers ask to get public comments after publishing it. Public comments are taken into account and then department prepares a report on the same and sent to minister. In fifth case: Various commissioners are appointed by minister and terms of references are set. An inquiry process is then conducted by the commission and report is submitted to minister. Step 2: Depending upon the date finalised report received minister makes decision within 20, 30 and 40 working days for assessment on referral information, assessment by a state/territory process, and assessment by inquiry or EIS respectively. Pitfalls of Environment Impact Assessment EIA (Environment Impact Assessment) legally sets up decision processes in Australia related to major developments. They follow a specific process which is recognised internationally, but their practises differ with places due to administrative and legislative nuances. One amongst others pitfall in EIA is post decision monitoring also known as follow-up. This section summarises the pitfalls in EIA taking case study Adelaide Desalination Plant as its base (Kampf and Clarke 2013). The project has three levels of assessments for EIA: Development Report, Public Environment Report and Environment Impact Statement. The examination of the project reveals that Adelaide Desalination Plants operating licences conditions are much softer than what has been reported by proponent of the project and approval situations imposed by territory (Kampf and Clarke 2013). A number of pitfalls have been detected in research which needs to be improved. They are: At present the EIS process and application for license are separate processes. Applying for the Operating license should be clubbed with the process of EIS Monitoring which is currently operated by operators must be undertaken by scientific experts. The information related to monitoring is incomplete and not accessible to public with needed scientific severity; just the information submitted to EPA is accessible to public. Hence, a step must be taken to improve this so that complete relevant information is accessible to public. A process must be developed by the state government which ensures the adherences to approval conditions. Environmental Impact Assessment of WestConnex The proposed modification for the WestConnex is seeking approval M4 Widening under which they have proposed for an off-road cycleway which would diverse cyclists from the westbound shoulder of the M4 motorway (Austroads 2010). Step 1: Screening At the start of the project it is initially screened for proper examination of environment analysis then it is decided whether or not EIA is required. In case No project is refrained from EIA, else proceed (Austroads 2010). Step2: Scope The scope of this assessment is to determine impacts of the project on the environment and considering measures to overcome them during construction and operation of M4 widening. Measures for mitigation and management have also been included while seeking approval. In case further modifications are needed, approval conditions would be amended as per need. The modification in the proposed project generated the following environment issues: Traffic and Transport Noise and Vibration Biodiversity Heritage Visual and landscape character Soil and Contamination Step 3: Impact Analysis Impact on Traffic and Transport If the suggested modification is made to traffic and transport it would not affect the general construction traffic impacts which have been mentioned in sec 8.1 of Environment Impact System. Impact on Noise and Vibration The department responsible for environment complained several times for the noise and reported it as a key environmental issue. As per the statistics are concerned 40 percent of all complaints registered to State of Environment regarding M4 widening was related to noisy vehicles. However it would not affect the proposed modification as it is only cycleway off-road and thus meets the operations noise goals. Impact on Biodiversity The area where the modification has been planned is dominated by non-indigenous and exotic species in a wide range and construction of planned cycleway will be affecting extra 0.0747 hectares of these species planted. EIS stated that the communities of ecology present in the proposed area are threatening to environment and have minimal importance in habitat values and floral diversity (Coffey 2015). Impact on Heritage None of the archaeological deposits, potential or sites or Aboriginal archaeological articles were discovered at the proposed area and no impact of the same were noticed. Impact on Landscaping and Visual Amenity Around the proposed cycleway, landscape character zones were discovered that mainly reflects the nature of the adjacent areas. The eastern section of the proposed area is largely on-ground which created a more closed contribution of character to recognized band of plants along the edges. Impacts on soil and contamination To investigate the impact of the proposed plan on soil and contamination, from the western section three test pits were undertaken. Bases on the results, it was stated that no soil contamination risk was found which was objectionable in the area. Hence it was concluded that management of ground water and soul intercepted or disturbed while construction goes on is required (Coffey 2015). Step 4: Mitigation and Impact Management Measures for traffic and transport In a plan construction by environment management department i.e. CEMP which also includes TAMP detailed how pedestrians, cyclists and motorists would be safely managed while construction for the M4 widening goes on (Coffey 2015). Measures for Noise and Vibration The NVMP (Noise and Vibration management plan) assures that EWMS will be created for construction area. They also considered that various measures would be undertaken to control the noise and vibrations while refining the report and will incorporate it on site if approval is achieved (Jacobs 2014). Measures for Biodiversity impacts An offset strategy was prepared for the biodiversity effects and got approved for the submission, in this strategy various processes were outlined which could help in threating caused by the proposed project. Measures for Heritage impact No impact was found on the same Measures for Landscaping The mitigation measures to overcome landscaping issues includes planting trees and plants along the edge and verges throughout the course which would provide shades and amenities to cyclists. Measures for Soil and Contamination The waste associated with soil contamination would be managed under SWMP plan which has already been approved by the CEMP authorities. They stated that extra testing needs to be done before confirming water organization for the supervision of piling spoil and excess embankment (Jacobs 2014). Step 5 6: Review and Conditions of Approval Environment Impact system discovered multiple outcomes which could happen to the environment and came up with various measures to handle them and implemented in desire to reduce impacts on society and ecology due to construction of M4 widening project. After considering reviews from minister the environmental management measures for the project were revised. The modified measures for the project management will be applied to the m$ widening project. The M4 Widening project, comprising of all the alterations reviewed and revised, along with approved modifications would be sent ahead for seeking approval (Jacobs 2014). In case it is approved it would be implemented in the project. References Hobday, A.J. and McDonald, J. (2014), Environmental Issues in Australia, Annu. Rev. Environment Resource. 2014. 39:128. Kampf, J. and Clarke, B. (2013), How robust is the environment impact assessment process in South Australia? Behind the scenes of the Adelaide seawater desalination project. School of Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. Fawzi, R., Ameen, M., Mourshed, M. and Li, H. (2015 a), BRE Centre of Sustainable Construction, School of Engineering, The Parade, Cardiff University, CardiffCF24 3AA,United Kingdom. Fawzi, R., Ameen, M., Mourshed, M. and Li, H. (2015 b), Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Karbala, Iraq. Environmental Impact Assessment in Australia, Theory and Practise, Third Ed. Artefact Heritage (2014) Non-Indigenous Assessment and Statement of Heritage Impacts Austroads (2010) Guide to Road Design. Coffey (2015), WestConnex Stage 1A M4 Widening Soil Contamination Report DECCW (2009), Interim Construction Noise Guideline HBO+EMTB Urban and Landscape Design (2015), Draft WestConnex M4 Widening Urban Design and Landscape Plan Infrastructure NSW (2012), State Infrastructure Strategy 2012-2032 Jacobs AECOM (2014), WestConnex M4 Widening Traffic and Transport Working Paper Working Paper 4 Jacobs SKM (2014),WestConnex M4 Widening Pitt Street, Parramatta to Homebush Bay Drive, Homebush Biodiversity Assessment

Candide 3 Essay Example For Students

Candide 3 Essay I am not too familiar with the events that occurred in this book. It is set back in the times of kings and queens, barons, lords and other titles. The author, Voltaire, who was born Francios-Marie Arouet, was very critical and suspicious of government and officials. He used his writing talens to make fun of them or criticize abuses of the time. In the middle of the 18th century, Voltaire turned against the popular philosophy of â€Å"optimism† because of a tragic earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal, which killed 30,000 people and did millions of dollars in damage. He wrote Candide to show that proponents of optimism were, well – crazy!The first thing that happens in this book is that the main character, Candide, a good natured young man, gets kicked out of his home. His home happens to be the castle of a Baron who has a 17-year old daughter named Cunegonde. Candide is seen by the baron kissing the hand of Cunegonde. So, what’s the big deal about that? She was the one who started it. And it was just her hand, all right? But for some reason, this really upset the Baron and out Candide went. We will write a custom essay on Candide 3 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He is picked up by Bulgarian soldiers and made part of their army, but when he goes out for a walk one day, they think is going AWOL. He is then given a choice of taking 12 bullets to the dome or being whipped 4,000 times! Nice choice! By now I’m thinking not much is happening for the good. But not Candide. He just doesn’t understand. He takes the whipping. Over and over again Candide tries to do his best and tragedies happen to him. The way I feel about Candide is that he is undecided and confused about what is going around him and what is happening to him. Some people here and there help him and others capture him and torture him. He is also scared of being out alone with no one there for him until he runs into his old Master of Philosophy, Dr. Pangloss. The doc tells him of dreadful things that happened at the castle and the condition everyone was in.The Baron and his entire family, including his beloved Cunegonde are all dead. Candide faints on the spot when he hears of that and that shows that he is not very emotionally strong. He can’t deal with the pain of life very well. But he and his philosopher believe in the cause and effect principle. They believe god has caused something to happen to have a particular effect. They believe whatever happens is best for the world, and that is why I feel that Candide is just a wandering soul who doesn’t know what he wants out of life. Personally I feel that he should be trying to do something and fight back. The action in this book is of the gory type. It talks about how Candide has to walk through a field of dead men’s brain, and limbs scattered all over. I don’t mind this at all, it just shows that Voltaire wants us to have a strong image of what was going on. The â€Å"cause and effect† philosophy is shown to have some truth to it because everyone dear to Candide (especially Cunegonde and Dr. Pangloss) who â€Å"die† come back into his life. Also, in finding Eldorado, Candide discovers a place that truly lives up to the philosophy of optimism. Unfortunately, he cannot stay there because he feels his life is not worth living without Cunegonde, his beloved. I feel that it was a good choice that Candide left this so-called â€Å"utopia† of Eldorado, because such a place, if it ever did really exist, could not last. But his love for Cunegonde could. The way this story is set up is to show all the evil things that happen in the world, and the point of that is to make fun of the philosophy of optimism. In â€Å"Candide† they are all optimistic and believe that everything happens for the good, which is totally wrong. The point of the book is to show you how unrealistic optimism is. There is much evil in this world and there always will be. There is no such thing as a Utopia, and not all things happen for the better. .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a , .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a .postImageUrl , .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a , .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a:hover , .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a:visited , .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a:active { border:0!important; } .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a:active , .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud16bacd3c64a43f3ece7acc138a55c0a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mustard Gas Is A Group Of Chemical Compounds Used In Chemical Warfare, Essayâ€Å"Candide† also relates to â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† There is evil in this world and everyone has it in them. All things can’t happen for the better of the world. If that were so then that would create a utopia, which I don’t believe is possible. Overall I like the story, mainly because of the theme and all the action. Also, it totally makes fun of one of the main characters, who is a philosopher. He is the one who teaches and preaches to everyone that all things happen for a good cause, and many believe the same. That is one thing that makes this story hard to rea d. If you don’t agree with what the characters are doing and things that happen it makes you want to just throw the book away. But when I realized that it was making fun of Dr. Pangloss, the philosopher, I can honestly say that I enjoyed reading the book more from that point on than I did before. Another character that I would like to respond about is that of Candide’s love Cunegonde. She was a well-rounded lady that cared for people, and helped out Candide when he needed it the most. She was claimed dead by Dr. Pangloss, but then was found alive in a village that luckily Candide was in at the same time as she was. She didn’t seem to say much about the philosophy of everything happening for the best and that is what made me like her more than any other character. She was truly a good person, even though she turned ugly from all the ordeals she suffered. My personal view of optimism is that it is very unrealistic. I see the glass of water as being half empty, but I do always HOPE for the best. I just don’t expect it. I believe that there is evil lurking everywhere and you have to be on your guard against it at all times. Candide believed the exact opposite – and look what happened to him.

Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton Environment Plays free essay sample

Often, writers find trouble expressing themselves in certain ways, so in this absence, they replace it with literary devices. The literary devices can range from similes, allusions, metaphors, and even the atmosphere. In Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton, the atmosphere is not limited to the weather, but also in the environment f the main characters household. Being described as cold and frosty, the environment plays a vital part in the plot line, and in the characters actions. As most stories, Ethan Frome starts out by setting up the environment. Winter shut down on Starkfield, and the village lay under a sheet of snow perpetually renewed from the pale skies, is a quote that right off the bat describes winter in Starkfield, Massachusetts, where the story takes place (Wharton 6). Winter and snow is often used when feelings of happiness may need to be expressed, but in this story, nd as one can see from the quote above, winter is a dread. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton: Environment Plays or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With utilizing words such as shut down and pale, Wharton establishes the thought of winter not being welcomed in Starkfield, Massachusetts (Wharton 6). The quote l had been struck by the contrast between the vitality of the climate and the deadness of the community connects the attitude of the community to the weather (Wharton 6). When winter is afoot in Starkfield, so is the depressing atmosphere the citizens of the town give off. The effect of winter seems to enhance the dreadfulness of certain characters state of inds as well. For example, Ethan and Zeena Frome, and Mattie Silver allow for winter to suffocate happiness from their household. The environment of the house is also present from the beginning of the story. On page 13, the narrator describes the house with the harsh truth; a flash of watery sunlight exposed the house on the slope above us in all its plaintive ugliness. While the house is ugly, it is also lacking a distinctive, architecture feature that preludes to foreshadowing. It is lacking the L, which is a roof in a shape of an L that connects eparate rooms of the house together. Lacking this piece of the building, results in the house giving Offa presence of coldness. The foreshadow that can come from this, is the fact that the environment inside the house is missing something that starts with an L; love. Love, which connects all kinds of people together, is not present in the household. Since it is not present, the environment of the household takes on the presence of the building; coldness. The atmosphere within the house is further isolated due to Ethans and his wife, Zeenas, actions. Only getting married because Ethan was atraid to be on his own, their relationship is lacking in several fields. When Zeena was struck with her numerous illnesses, they called for Mattie Silver, Zeenas cousin, to come and help with the housework. As soon as she came into the house, Ethan immediately became aware of the change she brought with her. He noted that the coming to his house of a bit of hopeful young life was like the lighting of a fire on a cold hearth (Wharton 22). Mattie, with her beauty and warm presence affects the environment of the ousehold in a way that Zeena never could. Because of this, Ethan found himself becoming attracted to her, resulting in conflict with his wife. While Ethans and Matties relationship is still budding, Zeena decides to leave the house for a night to go to another town to see a doctor. Immediately after she leaves, the environment of the house is uplifted. Ethans thoughts were positive as well; he had a confused sense of being in another world, where all was warmth and harmony (Wharton 57). With Zeena being absent from the house, Mattie filled her lace by taking on the role of being Ethans wife. Ethan realizes all that he missing out on with Zeena, and starts to dream about a whole new life, where Mattie is his wife, and the atmosphere in the household is forever warm and cheerful. He remarks upon the event by thinking their evening together had given him a vision of what life at her side might be, and he was glad now that he had done nothing to trouble the sweetness of the picture (Wharton 64). Thoughts such as these never occur about Zeena, and they disappear when she returns, as well as the warmth of the nvironment in the house. As soon as Zeena sets foot inside the house, all of the characters start to tiptoe around the elephant in the room. But that did not last long, for as soon as Zeena discovered that her wedding dish was broken, all hell broke loose. With the decision to send Mattie away, Zeena thought she won the battle. She did not, for instead of heading on the train home, Ethan and Mattie decided to attempt suicide, for they realized they would never be together. After nearly escaping death, the idea of sending Mattie away was never brought up again. Since this issue was never dealt with properly, the conflict between all the characters is still present. Also, the environment is as hostile as ever. A minor character sums up the atmosphere of the household years after the suicide attempt by saying and the way they are now, I dont sees theres much difference between the Fromes up at the farm and the Fromes down in the graveyard (Wharton 117). The environment of the house did not improve, but only got worse, since Mattie came. Overall, Ethans situation can represent a morality error; not confronting ones inner feelings. When one denies themselves that Joy, conflicts erupts. Because Ethan did not confront his true feelings, the atmosphere of not only the house, but of the story itself is eternally frosty, much like the weather of the Starkfield. The environment of the story also affects the actions of the characters to the point of self- destruction, literally. Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton, portrays a conflict that is ever present for all societies, with results that establish a lesson well learned. Wharton, Edith. Ethan Frome and Related Readings. Evanson: McDougal Littell Inc. , 1997. print.

Free Essays on If Beale Street Could Talk

Book Review: If Beale Street Could Talk James Baldwin was born on August 2, 1924. His first novel, Go Tell it on the Mountain, received good reviews, but more importantly, it opened a new voice in literature. Baldwin stated, â€Å"Mountain is the book I had to write if I was ever going to write anything else.† The appearance of his next novel in 1963, The Fire Next Time, appeared when the civil rights movement was expanding in the South. This story consisted of American’s refusal to face their own history. If Beale Street Could Talk is controversial in many ways, but when judging its value in a classroom setting, it proves to be essential. James Baldwin addresses issues that are only age-appropriate for mature students in high school, but probably more beneficial for the college student. Most of the criticism that this book received is from its graphic description of racism, and its graphic language and sexual display. Although there are many reasons and qualities that this book should receive praise. For instance Beale Street shows strong qualities of honesty, family, survival, and love. This book has an important message that could be taught to students who are also facing racism or to educate the students who are not so familiar with the issue of racism. These qualities include showing insight, understanding, and awareness of racism in today’s society, although the subject of racism has come a long way since the 1960’s and 1970’s, it still has a long way to go. Beale Street is based on a young black couple who lives in the 60’s and 70’s in the ghetto of New York. Since Fonny and Tish were little, they grew up together and their relationship began to develop into more than just friendship. As they are developing their relationship, they see how cruel and unjust society is against blacks. The police arrest Fonny for rape on a night that he never left his apartment. The victim identifies Fonny in a line-up, but he ... Free Essays on If Beale Street Could Talk Free Essays on If Beale Street Could Talk Book Review: If Beale Street Could Talk James Baldwin was born on August 2, 1924. His first novel, Go Tell it on the Mountain, received good reviews, but more importantly, it opened a new voice in literature. Baldwin stated, â€Å"Mountain is the book I had to write if I was ever going to write anything else.† The appearance of his next novel in 1963, The Fire Next Time, appeared when the civil rights movement was expanding in the South. This story consisted of American’s refusal to face their own history. If Beale Street Could Talk is controversial in many ways, but when judging its value in a classroom setting, it proves to be essential. James Baldwin addresses issues that are only age-appropriate for mature students in high school, but probably more beneficial for the college student. Most of the criticism that this book received is from its graphic description of racism, and its graphic language and sexual display. Although there are many reasons and qualities that this book should receive praise. For instance Beale Street shows strong qualities of honesty, family, survival, and love. This book has an important message that could be taught to students who are also facing racism or to educate the students who are not so familiar with the issue of racism. These qualities include showing insight, understanding, and awareness of racism in today’s society, although the subject of racism has come a long way since the 1960’s and 1970’s, it still has a long way to go. Beale Street is based on a young black couple who lives in the 60’s and 70’s in the ghetto of New York. Since Fonny and Tish were little, they grew up together and their relationship began to develop into more than just friendship. As they are developing their relationship, they see how cruel and unjust society is against blacks. The police arrest Fonny for rape on a night that he never left his apartment. The victim identifies Fonny in a line-up, but he ...